Differential screw for vises



Feb. 28, 1939. F. F. BILLINGS 2,148,800

DIFFERENTIAL SCREW FOR VISES Filed Oct. 4, 193';

P l? 1a 22 l0 W//////////////////////////////////////////////// a l L 1Z INVEN TOR 45 not constitute a part of the invention. 6 will cause it(the sleeve) to stand still, while 45 Patented F eb. 28, 1939 l v UNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE DIFFERENTIAL SCREW FOR VISES Fred F. Billings,Belmont, N. H.

Application October 4, 1937, Serial No. 167,199 b i 2 Claims. (01. 8133)The invention relates to an operating screw for In the body of themovable jaw, in line with Vises, which shall be positive and rapid initsthe nut K, a hole 5 is formed, constituting a action for opening andclosing the vise when idle, bearing for the sleeve 6', threadedlymounted on and automatically provide means for exerting a the finerthreaded end of the screw, next to the .5 powerful pressure the instantthe vise jaws come collar 3. The hole is of less diameter than the 5 incontact withwork held between them. This is collar 3, but has its outerrim countersunk to corto be. accomplished without the necessity ofmarespond with a conical portion l9, formed on the nipulating any partof the vise other than the sleeve 6. handle, The sleeve 6 has a barrelportion of less diam- 10 l The invention also provides. for instantlylocketer than that of the collar 3, which affords a 10 ing thedifferential feature out of action when the bearing for the jaw R, aconical portion l9, which vise is to be used on soft material, or onlight provides a thrust-bearing on the outer side of the work where thefullpower of the screw is not rejaw, and a flanged portion l5, whichterminates quired, or when it is desired to set the jaws more in ahandwheel 15, outside the jaw R.

16 snugly against the work, before bringing the dif- A flanged Colspaced a short distance from ferential action into use the sleeve 6, isfixed t0 the smaller end Of the Another salient object is, to achievethe above screw i, by means of a pin 8, which pin also serves resultswithout introducing a screw of objectionas a pivot for attaching theoperating handle 9. ably fine pitch, in the construction of the mecha- Aflange on the collar 1 approaches the rim of the 20 nism used,hand-wheel 16, forming with it a housing in 20 To accomplish these andother desirable results, which a spiral Sp is ca ed. the inventionconsists in the novel construction The spring I0 is an automaticdifferential conand arrangement of parts, as described in detail, trolfor the screw I. It is attached t one d and set forth by theaccompanying drawing, in to a boss [2, centrally located on the end ofthe which drawing, similar designating characters sleeve 6. Thence itspirals clockwise and out- 25 refer to the same parts throughout theseries. Wardly throu Sev a t to a Point eal Figure 1 is a frontelevation of the screw mechthe rim of the flang At this Point p e anism,and a vise of conventional type equipped 81108 l, 011 the inner Side Ofthe flange, engages therewith. Parts of the operating handle and a a p29 in h end f h prin 0, t n in 30 flanged collar have been removed toreveal other to carry it forward in a clockwise direction. The 30essential parts referred to in the description. torsion thus engenderedtends to keep the sleeve Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section,taken 5 fi y ut a st t e collar 3, but admiton the line AB, Figure 1, ofthe invention as it ting of one or more revolutions of the screw appearsin place in the body of a vise. within the sleeve 6, before the collar 1will abut Figure 3 is a section of the latch l3. he sleeve 5.

0 generally represents a vise having a fixed W, With the Vise J' W Open!W e mot on is jaw n body, i hi h fixed t Serves imparted to the screw lby means of the handle as an anchorage for the operating screw of the 9,the Sleeve 3, under the tension of e Spring vise. A movable jaw R, ismounted in slidable w move as a unit With the Screw au 4o relation withthe jaw D, by a hollow beam X, the l w R t0v pp t law D in a ratio de-40 fixed in the base of the jaw R, and projecting termined by the threadin the nut K. If the mothrough a corresponding opening in the body tionbe continued after the jaws make contact of the vise, These parts areshown only as a setwith work held between them, the friction enting fort mechanism t b d ib d do gendered on the conical portion l9 of thesleeve The screw I is provided with a coarse thread both threads on thescrew I will pass on through at one end, of sufiicient length to extendthrough their respective huts; he spring in acting as a the nut K, andprovide a range of action equal to yielding medium to admit of suchaction. The the intended capacity of the vise. The opposite differentialaction of the two threads thus re- 'end has a portion of its lengthturned to a slightly volving in unison, will cause the jaw R to ap- 50smaller diameter, and provided with a thread 2, p ac t l D in a greatlyreduced t of slightly finer pitch than that operating in the therebsaffording a p werful leverage for tightnut K. At the juncture of the twodiameters, a ening t l ws On the WOrk. collar 3, is mounted on thesmaller end of the The screw action described in the preceding screw,and retained in place by the set-screw 4. paragraph is fully automatic,both for tightening 55 and loosening the vise, and under idealconditions will give perfect results. Under practical conditionshowever, I prefer to employ means for looking the differential out ofaction when so desired, and this I accomplish in the following manner.

A deep notch 2| is formed in the rim of the hand-wheel l6, adjacent tothe flanged collar 1, and extending a considerable distance around therim of the wheel. In this notch, a latch I3 is pivotally mounted, beingheld in place by a screw 22, passing through an elongated hole 24, inthe body of the latch, and into a boss l1, formed above the rim of thehand-wheel, midway of the ends of the notch 2l--2l. A hook 25 is formedat one end of the latch, and the latch is so poised in relation to theflanged collar 1, that the hook, when depressed as indicated by thedotted lines 18, will engage both the protuberance H on the flange l,and the end of the notch 2|, preventing any further relative motionbetween the collar 1, and the sleeve 6.

By pressing the opposite end 26 of the latch l3, the hook may be made torelease its hold on the flange 1, restoring the differential function tothe screw as already described.

In the body of the latch l3, adjacent to the screw 22, a compressionspring I4 is placed at one end of the elongated hole 24. The tendency ofthis spring is to keep the corrugated end 23, of the latch, in closecontact with the abrupt end of the notch 2|. The corrugations on the endof the latch are so formed as to act coordinately with the rounded endof the notch, causing the latch to remain in or out of action as thecase may be.

The principle of the differential screw has been used in the past formany purposes, but, what I claim as new is:

1. In a vise, a combination of a screw having threads at one end,operating in a fixed nut in the body of the vise, a plain collar nearthe other end of the screw, threads of a finer pitch than the firstthreads, extending from the collar to the end of the screw, a sleevethreadedly mounted on the second threads, the sleeve forming acylindrical bearing and a thrust bearing for the movable jaw of thevise, a flanged sleeve fixed to the end of the screw beyond the collarand separated from the latter, and a spring attached to the sleeve andthe flanged sleeve, with tension adjusted to keep the sleeve abuttedagainst the plain collar, substantially as described.

2; In a vise, a combination of a screw having a plain collar near itsend, a thread extending from the collar to the end of the screw, asleeve comprising a bearing for the movable jaw of the vise, mounted onthe thread, a flange on the sleeve terminating in a hand-wheel outsidethe jaw, a flanged collar fixed to the end of the screw beyond thesleeve and separated therefrom, and a latch mounted in a notch in therim of the handwheel, releasably engaging both the hand-wheel and theflanged collar, for the purpose described.

FRED F. BILLINGS.

